The Solar System

Refiner of Gold Creations'

Solar System -- Planetary Statistics

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Mercury Prehistory
86.0 Days
0.39 AU 4,880 km
58d 15h 30'
0.39 / 5.43 Basaltic dust & rock
Essentially none
-315°F - 700°F
Venus Prehistory
225.0 Days
0.72 AU 12,100 km
243d 14'
0.91 / 5.2 Basaltic & granitic rock
Thick, CO₂ + H₂SO₄ clouds
Avg 867°F (464°C)
Earth ~500 BCE
1 Year
1 AU 12,756 km
23h 56'
1.0 / 5.522 Water, granitic soil
N₂, O₂, H₂O
Avg 58°F (14°C)
Moon Prehistory
27.3 Days
384,000 km 3,476 km
27.3d (655.2h)
0.16 / 3.3 Basaltic dust & rock
None
-240°F (1515°C) - 220°F (105°C)
Mars Prehistory
1.88 Years
1.52 AU 6,787 km
24h 37m
0.38 / 3.90 Basaltic dust and rock
Thin, CO₂
Avg -13°F (-25°:C)
Phobos 1877 CE
7.7 Hours
9,400 km 27 x 21 x 19 km
7.5 Hours
0.0009 / ? Carbonaceous rock
None
?
Deimos 1877 CE
30.3 Hours
23,500 km 15 x 12 x 11 km
30.25 Hours
0.0004 / ? Carbonaceous rock
None
?

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Ceres 1801 CE
4.6 Years
2.77 AU 914 km
?
0.04 / ? Carbonaceous rock
None
?
Pallas 1802 CE
3.63 Years
2.77 AU 522 km
?
0.02 / ? Meteoric rock
None
?
Juno 1804 CE
4.61 Years
2.67 AU 244 km
?
0.01 / ? Rock and iron
None
?
Vesta 1807 CE
5.59 Years
2.36 AU 500 km
?
0.02 / ? Basaltic, meteoritic rock
None
?

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Jupiter Prehistory
11.9 Years
5.2 AU 142,984 km
Avg 9h 52'
2.6 / 1.3 (-)
H₂, He, NH₃, CH₄
Avg -234°F (-148°C)
Metis 1980 CE
7.1 Hours
126,000 km 40 km
?
0.002 / ? Rock (?)
None
?
Adrasta 1979 CE
7.1 Hours
128,000 km 24 x 16 km
?
0.001 / ? Rock (?)
None
?
Amalthea 1892 CE
12.0 Hours
182,000 km 270 x 170 x 155 km
?
0.009 / ? Sulfur layer over rock (?)
None
?
Thebe 1980 CE
16.2 Hours
223,000 km 100 km
?
0.003 / ? Rock (?)
None
?
Io 1610 CE
1.8 Days
422,000 km 3.630 km
1d 19h
0.18 / ? Sulfur compounds
Very thin SO₂, S, Na
Avg -148慢 (-234慚) "daytime"
Europa 1610 CE
3.6 Days
671,000 km 3,130 km
3.6 Days
0.14 / ? H2O ice
None
?
Ganymede 1610 CE
7.2 Days
1,071,000 km 5,280 km
7d 3h
0.15 / ? H2O ice & dust
None
?
Callisto 1610 CE
16.8 Days
1,884,000 km 4,840 km
16d 16h
0.12 / ? Rocky dust & some ice
None
?
Leda 1974 CE
240.0 Days
1,110,000 km 16 km
?
0.0003 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Himalia 1904 CE
251.0 Days
11,470,000 km 180 km
?
0.004 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Lysithea 1938 CE
260.0 Days
11,710,000 km 40 km
?
0.001 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Elara 1904 CE
260.1 Days
11,740,000 km 80 km
?
0.002 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Ananke 1951 CE
R 1.72 Years
20,700,000 km 30 km
?
0.0005 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Carme 1938 CE
1.89 Years
22,350,000 km 44 km
?
0.008 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Pasiphae 1908 CE
2.02 Years
23,300,000 km 35 km
?
0.0009 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?
Sinope 1914 CE
R 2.07 Years
23,700,000 km 20 km
?
0.0008 / ? Carbonaceous rock (?)
None
?

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Saturn Prehistory
29.5 Years
9.5 AU 120,660 km
10h 41'
1.1 / 0.7 (-)
N₂, He, NH₃, CH₄
Avg -288°F (-178°C)
Pan 1990 CE
13.8 Years
134,000 km 20 km ?
?
0.0006 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Atlas 1980 CE
14.4 Hours
138,000 km 50 x 30 x 20 km
?
0.0008 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Prometheus 1980 CE
14.7 Hours
139,000 km 140 x 80 km
?
0.006 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Pandora 1980 CE
15.0 Hours
142,000 km 110 x 70 km
?
0.005 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Epimetheus * 1980 CE
16.7 Hours
151,000 km 140 x 100 km
?
0.004 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Janus * 1980 CE
6.7 Hours
151,000 km 220 x 180 x 160 km
?
0.005 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Mimas 1789 CE
22.6 Hours
186,000 km 390 km
?
0.007 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Enceladus 1789 CE
1.4 Days
238,000 km 500 km
?
0.008 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Tethys 1684 CE
1.9 Days
295,000 km 1,050 km
?
0.15 / ? Mostly H₂O ice (?)
None
?
Telsto ** 1981 CE
1.9 Days
295,000 km 34 x 26 km
?
0.0003 / ? (?)
None
?
Calypso ** 1981 CE
1.9 Days
295,000 km 34 x 22 km
?
0.0004 / ? (?)
None
?
Dione 1684 CE
2.7 Days
377,000 km 1,120 km
?
0.22 / ? Mostly H₂O ice
None
?
Helene ** 1980 CE
2.7 Days
377,000 km 36 x 30 km
?
0.004 / ? Mostly H₂O ice
None
?
Rhea 1672 CE
4.5 Days
527,000 km 1,530 km
?
0.028 / ? Mostly H₂O ice
None
?
Titan 1655 CE
15.9 Days
1,222,000 km 5,140 km
?
0.14 / ? Ices, liquid NH₃ & CH₄
Thick N₂, CH₄
?
Hyperion 1848 CE
21.3 Days
1,484,000 km 290 km
?
0.006 / ? Ices (?)
None
?
Iapetas 1671 CE
79.3 Days
3,562,000 km 1,440 km
?
0.02 / ? Ice & rock
None
?
Phoebe 1898 CE
R 550.0 Days
12,960,000 km 220 km
?
0.005 / ? Carbonaceous soil
None
?
* Janus and Epimetheus occupy close orbits.
** Telesto and Calypso are co-orbital with Tethys; Telesto about 60° ahead, Calypso about 60° behind.
** Helene is about 60° ahead of Dione in the same orbit.
Chiron 1977 CE
51.0 Years
13.7 AU 250 km
?
0.005 / ? Carbonaceous soil over ice (?)
None
?

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Uranus 1781 CE
84.0 Years
19.16 AU 51,120 km
16h 48'
0.88 / 1.2 (?)
H₂,He, CH₄
Avg -351°F (1213°C)
Cordelia 1986 CE
8.0 Hours
50,000 km 30 km ?
?
0.009 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Ophelia 1986 CE
9.0 Hours
54,000 km 30 km ?
?
0.009 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Bianca 1986 CE
10.2 Hours
59,000 km 40 km ?
?
0.01 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Cressida 1986 CE
11.1 Hours
62,000 km 70 km ?
?
0.02 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Desdemona 1986 CE
11.4 Hours
63,000 km 60 km ?
?
0.02 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Juliet 1986 CE
11.8 Hours
64,000 km 80 km ?
?
0.02 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Portia 1986 CE
12.3 Hours
66,000 km 110 km ?
?
0.03 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Rosalind 1986 CE
13.4 Hours
70,000 km 60 km ?
?
0.02 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Belinda 1986 CE
15.0 Hours
75,000 km 70 km ?
?
0.02 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Puck 1985 CE
18.3 Hours
86,000 km 150 km
?
0.004 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Miranda 1948 CE
1.4 Days
130,000 km 470 km
?
0.004 / ? H₂O ice, rock
None
?
Ariel 1851 CE
2.5 Days
191,000 km 1,160 km
?
0.01 / ? H₂O ice, rock
None
?
Umbriel 1851 CE
4.1 Days
266,000 km 1,170 km
?
0.008 / ? H₂O ice, rock
None
?
Titania 1787 CE
8.7 Days
436,000 km 1,580 km
?
0.02 / ? H₂O ice, rock
None
?
Oberon 1787 CE
13.5 Days
583,000 km 1,520 km
?
0.01 / ? H₂O ice, rock
None
?

Planet,
Asteroid,
or Moon Discovery,
Revolution
& Distance Diameter,
Rotation
& Gravity/Density Surface Composition
Atmosphere
& Temperature
Neptune 1846 CE
164.0 Years
30.0 AU 49,530 km
16h 3'
1.14 / ~1.7 (?)
H₂, He, CH₄
Avg -357°F (-216°C)
Naiad 1989 CE
7.1 Hours
48,000 km 50 km ?
?
0.001 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Thalassa 1989 CE
7.5 Hours
50,000 km 80 km ?
?
0.002 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Despina 1989 CE
8.0 Hours
52,000 km 180 km ?
?
0.005 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Galatea 1989 CE
10.3 Hours
62,000 km 150 km ?
?
0.004 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Larissa 1989 CE
13.3 Hours
74,000 km 190 km ?
?
0.005 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Proteus 1989 CE
1.1 Days
118,000 km 400 km
?
0.01 / ? Dark soil & ice (?)
None
?
Triton 1846 CE
R 5.9 Days
356,000 km 2,700 km
?
0.06 Ch₄, ice
Thin N₂, CH₄
?
Nereid 1949 CE
360.0 Days
5,567,000 km 340 km
?
0.004 / ? CH₄, ice (?)
None
?
Pluto 1930 CE
247.0 Years
39.4 AU 2,300 km
6d 9h 17'
0.05 / ~1 N₂ ice, CH₄ ice, CO₂ ice
Very thin N₂
Avg -369°F (-223°C)
Charon 1978 CE
6.4 Days
19,000 km 1,190 km
?
0.02 / ? N₂ ice, CH₄ ice, CO₂ ice
None
?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Mercury	Prehistory 86.0 Days 0.39 AU	4,880 km 58d 15h 30' 0.39 / 5.43	Basaltic dust & rock Essentially none -315°F - 700°F
Venus	Prehistory 225.0 Days 0.72 AU	12,100 km 243d 14' 0.91 / 5.2	Basaltic & granitic rock Thick, CO₂ + H₂SO₄ clouds Avg 867°F (464°C)
Earth	~500 BCE 1 Year 1 AU	12,756 km 23h 56' 1.0 / 5.522	Water, granitic soil N₂, O₂, H₂O Avg 58°F (14°C)
Moon	Prehistory 27.3 Days 384,000 km	3,476 km 27.3d (655.2h) 0.16 / 3.3	Basaltic dust & rock None -240°F (1515°C) - 220°F (105°C)
Mars	Prehistory 1.88 Years 1.52 AU	6,787 km 24h 37m 0.38 / 3.90	Basaltic dust and rock Thin, CO₂ Avg -13°F (-25°:C)
Phobos	1877 CE 7.7 Hours 9,400 km	27 x 21 x 19 km 7.5 Hours 0.0009 / ?	Carbonaceous rock None ?
Deimos	1877 CE 30.3 Hours 23,500 km	15 x 12 x 11 km 30.25 Hours 0.0004 / ?	Carbonaceous rock None ?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Ceres	1801 CE 4.6 Years 2.77 AU	914 km ? 0.04 / ?	Carbonaceous rock None ?
Pallas	1802 CE 3.63 Years 2.77 AU	522 km ? 0.02 / ?	Meteoric rock None ?
Juno	1804 CE 4.61 Years 2.67 AU	244 km ? 0.01 / ?	Rock and iron None ?
Vesta	1807 CE 5.59 Years 2.36 AU	500 km ? 0.02 / ?	Basaltic, meteoritic rock None ?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Jupiter	Prehistory 11.9 Years 5.2 AU	142,984 km Avg 9h 52' 2.6 / 1.3	(-) H₂, He, NH₃, CH₄ Avg -234°F (-148°C)
Metis	1980 CE 7.1 Hours 126,000 km	40 km ? 0.002 / ?	Rock (?) None ?
Adrasta	1979 CE 7.1 Hours 128,000 km	24 x 16 km ? 0.001 / ?	Rock (?) None ?
Amalthea	1892 CE 12.0 Hours 182,000 km	270 x 170 x 155 km ? 0.009 / ?	Sulfur layer over rock (?) None ?
Thebe	1980 CE 16.2 Hours 223,000 km	100 km ? 0.003 / ?	Rock (?) None ?
Io	1610 CE 1.8 Days 422,000 km	3.630 km 1d 19h 0.18 / ?	Sulfur compounds Very thin SO₂, S, Na Avg -148慢 (-234慚) "daytime"
Europa	1610 CE 3.6 Days 671,000 km	3,130 km 3.6 Days 0.14 / ?	H2O ice None ?
Ganymede	1610 CE 7.2 Days 1,071,000 km	5,280 km 7d 3h 0.15 / ?	H2O ice & dust None ?
Callisto	1610 CE 16.8 Days 1,884,000 km	4,840 km 16d 16h 0.12 / ?	Rocky dust & some ice None ?
Leda	1974 CE 240.0 Days 1,110,000 km	16 km ? 0.0003 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Himalia	1904 CE 251.0 Days 11,470,000 km	180 km ? 0.004 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Lysithea	1938 CE 260.0 Days 11,710,000 km	40 km ? 0.001 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Elara	1904 CE 260.1 Days 11,740,000 km	80 km ? 0.002 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Ananke	1951 CE R 1.72 Years 20,700,000 km	30 km ? 0.0005 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Carme	1938 CE 1.89 Years 22,350,000 km	44 km ? 0.008 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Pasiphae	1908 CE 2.02 Years 23,300,000 km	35 km ? 0.0009 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?
Sinope	1914 CE R 2.07 Years 23,700,000 km	20 km ? 0.0008 / ?	Carbonaceous rock (?) None ?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Saturn	Prehistory 29.5 Years 9.5 AU	120,660 km 10h 41' 1.1 / 0.7	(-) N₂, He, NH₃, CH₄ Avg -288°F (-178°C)
Pan	1990 CE 13.8 Years 134,000 km	20 km ? ? 0.0006 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Atlas	1980 CE 14.4 Hours 138,000 km	50 x 30 x 20 km ? 0.0008 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Prometheus	1980 CE 14.7 Hours 139,000 km	140 x 80 km ? 0.006 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Pandora	1980 CE 15.0 Hours 142,000 km	110 x 70 km ? 0.005 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Epimetheus *	1980 CE 16.7 Hours 151,000 km	140 x 100 km ? 0.004 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Janus *	1980 CE 6.7 Hours 151,000 km	220 x 180 x 160 km ? 0.005 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Mimas	1789 CE 22.6 Hours 186,000 km	390 km ? 0.007 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Enceladus	1789 CE 1.4 Days 238,000 km	500 km ? 0.008 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Tethys	1684 CE 1.9 Days 295,000 km	1,050 km ? 0.15 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice (?) None ?
Telsto **	1981 CE 1.9 Days 295,000 km	34 x 26 km ? 0.0003 / ?	(?) None ?
Calypso **	1981 CE 1.9 Days 295,000 km	34 x 22 km ? 0.0004 / ?	(?) None ?
Dione	1684 CE 2.7 Days 377,000 km	1,120 km ? 0.22 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice None ?
Helene **	1980 CE 2.7 Days 377,000 km	36 x 30 km ? 0.004 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice None ?
Rhea	1672 CE 4.5 Days 527,000 km	1,530 km ? 0.028 / ?	Mostly H₂O ice None ?
Titan	1655 CE 15.9 Days 1,222,000 km	5,140 km ? 0.14 / ?	Ices, liquid NH₃ & CH₄ Thick N₂, CH₄ ?
Hyperion	1848 CE 21.3 Days 1,484,000 km	290 km ? 0.006 / ?	Ices (?) None ?
Iapetas	1671 CE 79.3 Days 3,562,000 km	1,440 km ? 0.02 / ?	Ice & rock None ?
Phoebe	1898 CE R 550.0 Days 12,960,000 km	220 km ? 0.005 / ?	Carbonaceous soil None ?
* Janus and Epimetheus occupy close orbits. Telesto and Calypso are co-orbital with Tethys; Telesto about 60° ahead, Calypso about 60° behind. Helene is about 60° ahead of Dione in the same orbit.
Chiron	1977 CE 51.0 Years 13.7 AU	250 km ? 0.005 / ?	Carbonaceous soil over ice (?) None ?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Uranus	1781 CE 84.0 Years 19.16 AU	51,120 km 16h 48' 0.88 / 1.2	(?) H₂,He, CH₄ Avg -351°F (1213°C)
Cordelia	1986 CE 8.0 Hours 50,000 km	30 km ? ? 0.009 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Ophelia	1986 CE 9.0 Hours 54,000 km	30 km ? ? 0.009 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Bianca	1986 CE 10.2 Hours 59,000 km	40 km ? ? 0.01 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Cressida	1986 CE 11.1 Hours 62,000 km	70 km ? ? 0.02 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Desdemona	1986 CE 11.4 Hours 63,000 km	60 km ? ? 0.02 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Juliet	1986 CE 11.8 Hours 64,000 km	80 km ? ? 0.02 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Portia	1986 CE 12.3 Hours 66,000 km	110 km ? ? 0.03 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Rosalind	1986 CE 13.4 Hours 70,000 km	60 km ? ? 0.02 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Belinda	1986 CE 15.0 Hours 75,000 km	70 km ? ? 0.02 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Puck	1985 CE 18.3 Hours 86,000 km	150 km ? 0.004 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Miranda	1948 CE 1.4 Days 130,000 km	470 km ? 0.004 / ?	H₂O ice, rock None ?
Ariel	1851 CE 2.5 Days 191,000 km	1,160 km ? 0.01 / ?	H₂O ice, rock None ?
Umbriel	1851 CE 4.1 Days 266,000 km	1,170 km ? 0.008 / ?	H₂O ice, rock None ?
Titania	1787 CE 8.7 Days 436,000 km	1,580 km ? 0.02 / ?	H₂O ice, rock None ?
Oberon	1787 CE 13.5 Days 583,000 km	1,520 km ? 0.01 / ?	H₂O ice, rock None ?

Planet, Asteroid, or Moon	Discovery, Revolution & Distance	Diameter, Rotation & Gravity/Density	Surface Composition Atmosphere & Temperature
Neptune	1846 CE 164.0 Years 30.0 AU	49,530 km 16h 3' 1.14 / ~1.7	(?) H₂, He, CH₄ Avg -357°F (-216°C)
Naiad	1989 CE 7.1 Hours 48,000 km	50 km ? ? 0.001 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Thalassa	1989 CE 7.5 Hours 50,000 km	80 km ? ? 0.002 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Despina	1989 CE 8.0 Hours 52,000 km	180 km ? ? 0.005 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Galatea	1989 CE 10.3 Hours 62,000 km	150 km ? ? 0.004 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Larissa	1989 CE 13.3 Hours 74,000 km	190 km ? ? 0.005 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Proteus	1989 CE 1.1 Days 118,000 km	400 km ? 0.01 / ?	Dark soil & ice (?) None ?
Triton	1846 CE R 5.9 Days 356,000 km	2,700 km ? 0.06	Ch₄, ice Thin N₂, CH₄ ?
Nereid	1949 CE 360.0 Days 5,567,000 km	340 km ? 0.004 / ?	CH₄, ice (?) None ?
Pluto	1930 CE 247.0 Years 39.4 AU	2,300 km 6d 9h 17' 0.05 / ~1	N₂ ice, CH₄ ice, CO₂ ice Very thin N₂ Avg -369°F (-223°C)
Charon	1978 CE 6.4 Days 19,000 km	1,190 km ? 0.02 / ?	N₂ ice, CH₄ ice, CO₂ ice None ?

~ \| ~ Lexicon of Astronomy ~ \| ~ Solar System ~ \| ~
	Refiner of Gold Creations
	1998 Solar System Facts Created by EMC on 6/23/1997. Updated 5/4/2005.